{"id":3956,"date":"2009-06-18T20:00:52","date_gmt":"2009-06-19T01:00:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.vidadigital.net\/blog\/2009\/06\/18\/creando-soldados-en-las-escuelas\/"},"modified":"2009-06-18T20:06:25","modified_gmt":"2009-06-19T01:06:25","slug":"creando-soldados-en-las-escuelas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.vidadigital.net\/blog\/2009\/06\/18\/creando-soldados-en-las-escuelas\/","title":{"rendered":"Creando soldados en las escuelas"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hace unos d\u00edas que el Procurador del Veterano\u00a0 declar\u00f3 que se est\u00e1 considerando implementar en ocho escuelas de la Isla el programa conocido como JROTC<\/a>. Ha recibido tambi\u00e9n el visto bueno del Gobernador de P $\"youngmarines\"$ <\/a>uerto Rico. Nuestro Secretario de Educaci\u00f3n irresponsablemente se lav\u00f3 las manos como Pilato. Y a pesar de que se han disfrazado los prop\u00f3sitos diciendo que\u00a0 la meta de este programa es prevenir la deserci\u00f3n escolar y el desarrollo de valores como responsabilidad y disciplina, la legislaci\u00f3n federal revela que\u00a0 su fin es\u00a0 \u201ccreate favorable attitudes and impressions toward the Services and toward careers in the Armed Forces.\u201d (32 Code of Federal Regulations 542.5:3c). Alrededor del 40 % de los estudiantes del JROTC terminan ingresando en el mundo militar lo cual lo convierte en una herramienta de reclutamiento muy efectiva. (Hearts and Minds: Military Recruitment And the High School Battlefield<\/a>)<\/p>\n

Sorprenden los argumentos superficiales y sin fundamento que\u00a0 utiliza el Estado para apoyar una propuesta que tendr\u00e1 repercusiones serias sobre nuestro sistema educativo. Entiendo que el\u00a0 Gobernador antes de apoyar\u00a0 la implementaci\u00f3n del JROTC en nuestras escuelas debe educarse en torno al programa y cu\u00e1n efectivo ha sido el mismo para prevenir la deserci\u00f3n escolar. Debe reflexionar sobre los valores que queremos cultivar en nuestros estudiantes y el tipo de cultura que deseamos que se desarrolle en nuestras escuelas. Lo invito a reflexionar sobre estos puntos:<\/p>\n

1. Los principios de la cultura militar (jerarqu\u00eda, obediencia, conformidad y agresividad) contrastan con los valores democr\u00e1ticos de respecto, cooperaci\u00f3n e igualdad.<\/p>\n

2. No hay investigaci\u00f3n que sugiera que el JROTC reduzca la deserci\u00f3n y facilite el que los estudiantes ingresen en la Universidad.<\/p>\n

3. La orientaci\u00f3n de los textos que se usan en el JROTC presentan las carreras militares de forma idealista y como la mejor opci\u00f3n para muchas personas.<\/p>\n

4. El curr\u00edculo de estos programas se ha criticado por no estar al d\u00eda, por representar de manera incorrecta eventos hist\u00f3ricos y por discriminar en contra de la mujer y grupos minoritarios:<\/p>\n

One of the few\u00a0 instances where a local school board did review\u00a0 the (Air Force) JROTC curriculum in detail was in the San Diego Unified School District. The review committee determined that: \u201csome of the materials are out of date\u201d; \u201cmany historical events are presented in narrow, simplistic ways, and, in some cases, are inaccurately represented\u201d; \u201cthe narrative style is didactic and doesn\u2019t encourage critical thinking\u201d; \u201cgenerally, only the military point of view is presented\u201d; \u201csome of the materials lack sensitivity to ethnic groups, women, and religion\u201d (Liddell 1994).<\/p>\n
The claim that the U.S. dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima because it did not want \u00abthe war with Japan to continue for months, or possibly even years, which would result in the loss of additional American lives\u00bb (New Army JROTC Curriculum<\/em> – Old Problems<\/em><\/a>).<\/p>\n
Racial stereotypes have been introduced in the textbook’s new sections on brain function. For example, it cites research that claims African-Americans and Indians are right-brain dominant (associated with the preference for having a good time rather than being on time, and being active rather than thoughtful) and whites are left-brain dominant (associated with logic and rationality rather than intuition and preference for art or athletics over intellectual pursuits).(New Army JROTC Curriculum<\/em> – Old Problems<\/em><\/a>)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
5. Se define liderato esencialmente como respecto a la autoridad:<\/p>\n
The JROTC curriculum defines leadership as respect for constituted authority and the chain of command rather than as the ability to imagine new goals and promote democratic consensus building. JROTC also conflates leadership and followership. For example, the Naval JROTC text tells students: The mark of a true soldier has always been loyalty and obedience to leaders. It is the same for NJROTC cadets, who are learning to become better citizens and leaders in their schools, communities, and nation\u2026Among the traits of a good follower, loyalty is at the top of the list. This means loyalty to those above us in the chain of command, whether or not we agree with them. (Lutz, Catherine<\/a>)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n
6. Los instructores en el JROTC son miembros retirados del servicio militar. No poseen certificaci\u00f3n de maestros.<\/p>\n
Las escuelas deben tener un compromiso absoluto con la paz y la no-violencia como valores que son incompatibles\u00a0 con programas como los del JROTC . Y eso debe estar claro tanto para nuestro Gobernador como para el Secretario de Educaci\u00f3n. De lo contrario pronto varias de nuestras\u00a0 escuelas se convertir\u00e1n en centros de reclutamiento y en campos para\u00a0 crear a\u00a0 los soldados del futuro .<\/p>\n
Referencias:<\/p>\n
JROTC in Our Public Schools<\/a>
\n http:\/\/www.militaryfreeschools.org\/jrotc.html<\/a><\/p>\n
William Ayers, \u00abHearts and Minds: Military Recruitment and the High School Battlefield\u00bb<\/a>
\n http:\/\/mrzine.monthlyreview.org\/ayers011105.html<\/a><\/p>\n
Review of the JROTC Curriculum<\/a>
\n http:\/\/www.afsc.org\/Youth&Militarism\/ht\/display\/ContentDetails\/i\/19198<\/a><\/p>\n
Asking Questions About JROTC and JROTC Military Academies<\/a>
\n http:\/\/www.afsc.org\/Youth&Militarism\/ht\/display\/ContentDetails\/i\/19199<\/a><\/p>\n
JROTC<\/a>
\n http:\/\/www.afsc.org\/Youth&Militarism\/ht\/display\/ContentDetails\/i\/19197<\/a><\/p>\n
How are Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps (JROTC) instructors selected?<\/a>
\n http:\/\/www.afsc.org\/Youth&Militarism\/ht\/display\/ContentDetails\/i\/19195<\/a><\/p>\n
Evidence of Positive Student Outcomes in JROTC Career Academies.<\/a>
\n http:\/\/eric.ed.gov\/ERICWebPortal\/custom\/portlets\/recordDetails\/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=ED455433&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=ED455433<\/a><\/p>\n
JROTC: The MILITARY in AMERICA’s HIGH SCHOOLS<\/a>
\n http:\/\/www.cdi.org\/adm\/transcripts\/838<\/a><\/p>\n
Madres Contra la Guerra: Con tantos problemas que ya tienen los Veteranos \u00abCuestionamos si el Procurador conoce que dentro de sus funciones no est\u00e1 ponerse el sombrero de reclutador militar\u00bb<\/a>
\n http:\/\/madrescontralaguerra.blogspot.com\/2009\/06\/con-tantos-problemas-que-ya-tienen-los.html<\/a><\/p>\n
Madres Contra la Guerra: Crece el rechazo al JROTC en nuestras escuelas…inf\u00f3rmate, organ\u00edzate<\/a>
\n http:\/\/madrescontralaguerra.blogspot.com\/2009\/06\/crece-el-rechazo-al-jrotc-en-nuestras.html<\/a><\/p>\n
JROTC: THE ANTITHESIS TO EDUCATION<\/a>
\n http:\/\/oz.plymouth.edu\/~lsandy\/jrotc2.html<\/a><\/p>\n
Fortu\u00f1o apoya gesti\u00f3n militar en las escuelas – El Nuevo D\u00eda<\/a>
\n http:\/\/www.elnuevodia.com\/chardondejaenmanosdepadressiseestableceeljrotc-582039.html<\/a><\/p>\n
Students recruited in wartime | Chicago Reporter, The | Find Articles at BNET<\/a>
\n http:\/\/findarticles.com\/p\/articles\/mi_m0JAS\/is_3_32\/ai_99326231<\/a><\/p>\n
Dissident Voice : Building Cannons of Self-Destruction<\/a>
\n http:\/\/dissidentvoice.org\/2007\/09\/building-cannons-of-self-destruction<\/a><\/p>\n
Making Soliders in the Public … – B\u00fasqueda de libros de Google<\/a><\/p>\n
Fortu\u00f1o apoya gesti\u00f3n militar en las escuelas – El Nuevo D\u00eda<\/a>
\n http:\/\/www.elnuevodia.com\/fortunoapoyagestionmilitarenlasescuelas-582039.html<\/a><\/p>\n
Repudian al ROTC en escuelas p\u00fablicas – El Nuevo D\u00eda<\/a>
\n http:\/\/www.elnuevodia.com\/\/XStatic\/endi\/template\/content.aspx?se=nota&id=581864<\/a><\/p>\n
Chard\u00f3n deja implantaci\u00f3n del ROTC en manos de los padres – El Nuevo D\u00eda<\/a>
\n http:\/\/www.elnuevodia.com\/\/XStatic\/endi\/template\/content.aspx?se=nota&id=582108<\/a><\/p>\n
Why Join Army Junior ROTC<\/a>
\n https:\/\/www.usarmyjrotc.com<\/a><\/p>\n
JROTC: Sending the Wrong Message About Weapons and Violence<\/a>
\n http:\/\/www.afsc.org\/ht\/d\/ContentDetails\/i\/3762<\/a><\/p>\n
Y&M Magazine – New Army JROTC Curriculum<\/a>
\n http:\/\/webarchive.afsc.org\/youthmil\/html\/news\/apr00\/curr_p1.htm<\/a><\/p>\n
Y&M – Is JROTC a wise use of class time?<\/a>
\n http:\/\/webarchive.afsc.org\/youthmil\/jrotc\/clastime.htm<\/a><\/p>\n
Y&M – Summary – Trading Books for Soldiers<\/a>
\n http:\/\/webarchive.afsc.org\/youthmil\/jrotc\/jrotcost.htm<\/a><\/p>\n
Activists in Calif. school district crusading against junior ROTC – The Boston Globe<\/a>
\n http:\/\/www.boston.com\/news\/nation\/articles\/2007\/02\/25\/activists_in_calif_school_district_crusading_against_junior_rotc<\/a><\/p>\n
AFSC Youth & Militarism\u00a0 :\u00a0 AFSC<\/a>
\n http:\/\/www.afsc.org\/Youth&Militarism\/ht\/d\/ContentDetails\/i\/3770<\/a><\/p>\n
Recruitment Pressures Draw Scrutiny to JROTC<\/a>
\n http:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/wp-dyn\/content\/article\/2005\/09\/18\/AR2005091801433_pf.html<\/a><\/p>\n
Class Warfare – TIME<\/a>
\n http:\/\/www.time.com\/time\/magazine\/article\/0,9171,1001927,00.html<\/a><\/p>\n
Junior Reserve Officers’ Training Corps – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia<\/a>
\n http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Junior_Reserve_Officers%27_Training_Corps<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Hace unos d\u00edas que el Procurador del Veterano\u00a0 declar\u00f3 que se est\u00e1 considerando implementar en ocho escuelas de la Isla el programa conocido como JROTC. Ha recibido tambi\u00e9n el visto bueno del Gobernador de Puerto Rico. Nuestro Secretario de Educaci\u00f3n irresponsablemente se lav\u00f3 las manos como Pilato. Y a pesar de que se han disfrazado … <\/p>\n
Seguir leyendo<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[486,1,561,38],"tags":[634],"series":[],"class_list":["post-3956","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-destacados","category-general","category-noticias-de-la-isla","category-reflexiones","tag-jrotc","item-wrap"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4tuv-11O","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.vidadigital.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3956","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.vidadigital.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.vidadigital.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.vidadigital.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.vidadigital.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3956"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/www.vidadigital.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3956\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.vidadigital.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3956"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.vidadigital.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3956"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.vidadigital.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3956"},{"taxonomy":"series","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.vidadigital.net\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/series?post=3956"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}